晋太宗宣武帝实录33 (第2/2页)

至，此必然之理也。《易》曰：安不忘危，存不忘亡。若能如此，可无患矣。

    陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。

    chenmu：Iheard，Excessiveindulgencecanleadtodisaster，Sirtaughtmewhy？

    xiaofan：Ithink，Richpeopleareextravagantandarrogantbynature，Butexcessiveindulgenceacceleratesitsdemise，Therefore，ifyoudonotknowhowtorestrainyourselfthenthedangerwillsooncome，Itisaninevitabletrend，Whenyouaresafe，youshouldnotforgetthedangers，Whenyouhaveit，youshouldn‘tforgetthemomentsyoudidn‘thave，Onlyinthiswaycandisastersbeavoided。

    chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

    陈牧：寡人闻，显罚以威之，明赏以化之，何也？先生教我。

    萧凡：臣以为，罚当罪，则jianian邪正；赏当功，则臣下劝。威，服也。化，劝也。威立则恶者惧，化行则善者劝，赏以劝善，罚以惩恶。人主不妄赏，非爱其财也；赏妄行，则善不劝矣。不妄罚，非矜其人也；罚妄行，则恶不惩矣。赏不劝，谓之止善；罚不惩，谓之纵恶。在上能不止下为善，不纵下为恶，则国法立矣。刑不滥，而威立矣；赏不僭，而化行矣。既不僭不滥，则为恶者知所惧，而为善者知所劝矣。

    陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。

    chenmu：Iheard，Usepunishmenttoestablishauthority，Rewardsareusedforindoctrination，Sirtaughtmewhy？

    xiaofan：Ithink，Ifthepunishmentmatchesthecharges，Thenthebadguyswillalsobecomethegoodguys，Iftherewardandmeritmatch，Thenpeoplewillbeself-motivated，Thepunishmentiscarriedoutandthebadguyswillbeafraid，Rewardscanbecashedin，andpeoplewillmotivatethemselves，Rewardsaremeanttoinspiregoodness，Punishmentistodeterbadguys，Kingsdon‘trewardindiscriminately，Itwasn‘tthathewasstingywithwealth，It‘saboutrandomrewardsthatcandisappointpeople，Nottopunishindiscriminatelyistofearharmtotheinnocent，Onlywhenkingsinspirethegoodandpunishthebadcantheruleoflawbeestablished。

    chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

    陈牧：寡人闻，夫食为人天，何也？先生教我。

    萧凡：臣以为，民以食为天，农为政之本。仓廪实则知礼节，衣食足则知廉耻。此之谓也。是以天子亲耕于南郊，以共齐盛；王后蚕于北郊，以共纯服；诸侯耕于东郊，亦以共齐盛；夫人蚕于北郊，以共冕服。天子诸侯，非莫耕也；王后夫人，非莫蚕也。身致其诚信，诚信之谓尽，尽之谓敬。敬尽，然后民知所务也。

    陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。

    chenmu：Iheard，Itisthemostimportantthingforpeopletoeatafullmeal，Sirtaughtme。

    xiaofan：Ithink，Peopleregardhavingenoughtoeatasthemostimportantthing，Therefore，agricultureisfundamentaltothestate，Aftereatingafullmeal，youwillknowetiquette，Onlywhenyouwearclotheswillyouknowtheshame，Therefore，thekinghimselfcultivatedthefieldsinthesouthernsuburbswiththeaimofencouragingagriculturalproduction，Thequeenherselfraisedsilkwormsinthenorthernsuburbsinordertoencouragetheproductionofclothes，Theprincipalitiesfollowedtheexampleofkingsandqueens，Therewasnoneedforkingstocultivatethefields，Thequeenalsodoesnotneedtoraisesilkworms，Theydothistoleadbyexample，Andtreatthepeopleoftheworldwithintegrity，Onlybydoingsorespectfully，peoplewillfollowsuit。

    chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。