晋太宗宣武帝实录23 (第2/2页)

itions，second，Arguewithhimtoobservehischanges，third，Askhimforstrategiestotesthisabilities，fourth，Tellhimaboutourdifficultiestoseeifheisbrave，fifth，Gethimdrunktotoobservehisnature，sixth，Givehimbenefitstoobservewhetherheisincorruptible，seventh，Makeanappointmentwithhimtoobservehisintegrity，Intheseways，humannaturecanbeunderstood。

    chenmu:Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

    陈牧：寡人愿闻，何以别将材？先生教我。

    萧凡：臣以为将材有九，道之以德，齐之以礼，而知其饥寒，察其劳苦，此之谓仁将。事无苟免，不为利挠，有死之荣，无生之辱，此之谓义将。贵而不骄，胜而不恃，贤而能下，刚而能忍，此之谓礼将。奇变莫测，动应多端，转祸为福，临危制胜，此之谓智将。进有厚赏，退有严刑，赏不逾时，刑不择贵，此之谓信将。足轻戎马，气盖千夫，善固疆埸，长於剑戟，此之谓步将。登高履险，驰射如飞，进则先行，退则後殿，此之谓骑将。气凌三军，志轻强虏，怯於小战，勇於大敌，此之谓猛将。见贤若不及，从谏如流，宽而能强，勇而多计，此之谓大将。

    陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。

    chenmu：Iwanttoknowhowtounderstandtheabilitiesofageneral？Sirtaughtme。

    xiaofan：Ithink，thepersoncanbedividedintonineaccordingtotheirabilities，Suchapersonwhogovernsthearmywithvirtueandetiquetteandcanunderstandthehungerandcoldandhardshipofthesoldiersisabenevolentgeneral，Daretotakeresponsibility，donotcovetprofits，andregardhonoranddisgraceveryseriously，suchapersonisarighteousgeneral，Honorablebutnotproud，victoriousbutnotlightenemies，capablebutabletolistentotheopinionsofothers，strongbuttolerant，suchapersonisageneralwithetiquette，Therearemanystrategies，andtheyareveryaccurate，theycanturnstrangethingsintogoodthings，andtheycanwinincrises，andsuchpeoplearewisegenerals，Therearerewardsforadvancing，punishmentsforretreating，anddealingwiththemaccordingtotherules，nothumanfeelings，andsuchapersonisafaithfulgeneral，Thepersonwhoisverygoodatinfantrycombatisthegeneraloftheinfantry，Thepersonwhoisverygoodatcavalrycombatisthegeneralofthecavalryarmy，Thosewhohavegreatpersonalforceandcandeterthewholearmyarefiercegenerals，Suchapersonwhocanaccepttheopinionsofothersandistolerantandstrategicisamarshal。

    chenmu:Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。

    陈牧：寡人愿闻，何为将之器，先生教我。

    萧凡：臣以为将之器，其用大小不同。若乃察其jianian，伺其祸，为众所服，此十夫之将。夙兴夜寐，言词密察，此百夫之将。直而有虑，勇而能斗，此千夫之将。外貌桓桓，中情烈烈，知人勤劳，悉人饥寒，此万夫之将。进贤进能，日慎一日，诚信宽大，闲於理乱，此十万人之将。仁爱洽於下，信义服邻国，上知天文，中察人事，下识地理，四海之内，视如室家，此天下之将。

    陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。

    chenmu：Iwouldliketoknowthedivisionofthegeneral‘scommandingability，Sirtaughtme。

    xiaofan：Ithinkeverygeneral‘scommandingabilityisdifferent，Suchapersonwhocanseethedetailsandsmallthingsandistrustedbythesoldiersisthesquadleader，Suchapersonwhoworksveryhardandisverymeticulousisacompanycommander，Suchpeoplewhoarehonestandstrategic，braveandeffectivearetheregimentalcommanders，Lookingordinary，stronginheart，andknowingthehardshipsofothers，suchapersonisateacher，Suchapersonwhoisverycautious，honestandtolerant，andgoodatcalmingchaosisacommander，Treathissubordinateswithbenevolence，neighborsadmirehisfaithfulness，understandastronomicalgeographyandhumanities，suchapersonisamarshal。

    chenmu:Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。